Biology, benefits and clinical practice

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are a significant feature of breast milk. After lactose and fats. they make up the third largest group of solids. giving human breast milk its distinctive composition’ In early life. HMOs help protect against infection, support the developing immune system and shape how infants grow and thrive. Research is beginning to show that their influence may reach beyond the newborn stage, sparking interest in how these complex sugars could affect health throughout life. An expanding evidence base is helping to clarify the roles of HMOs and their potential implications for healthcare practice.

Breastfeeding is one of the most effective ways to ensure a child’s health and survival’ While it may not be suited to every child for clinical or logistical reasons. or indeed every mother. breastfeeding is the gold standard of nutrition for babies and infants. Any amount of breast milk is beneficial; the longer and more exclusively a baby is breastfed in the early months, the greater the protective effects tend to be.

Here are the main benefits.