Melatonin is widely used to help children sleep but scientists say the enthusiasm may be getting ahead of the evidence. A major review found clear benefits for children with conditions like autism and ADHD, but far less data for typical childhood insomnia. Experts say melatonin should be used carefully and only alongside proven behavioural sleep strategies.

A narrative review published in World Journal of Paediatrics by researchers at Boston Children’s Hospital explored the rapid rise of melatonin use among children and adolescents globally. This growth is especially noticeable in countries where the supplement is sold over the counter as opposed to being a prescription-only drug. The review analysed clinical evidence around melatonin’s effectiveness, safety and patterns of use.

Researchers found a mismatch between the widespread use of melatonin and the limited amount of long-term scientific data available. The review also highlighted concerns about inappropriate use, inconsistent product quality and the lack of strong regulatory oversight for sleep supplements marketed for children.